Histopathology is a branch of pathology that involves the microscopic examination of tissue samples to diagnose diseases. It plays a crucial role in understanding various conditions, particularly cancer, by analyzing the cellular composition and structure of tissues. Histopathologists examine biopsies or surgical specimens, looking for abnormalities in cell morphology, arrangement, and overall tissue architecture.

The process typically begins with the collection of tissue samples, which are then processed to preserve their structure. Thin sections of these samples are stained with specific dyes that highlight different cellular components, making it easier to identify pathological changes. The stained sections are examined under a microscope, allowing histopathologists to identify characteristics such as tumor type, grade, and stage, as well as the presence of inflammation or infection.